Post-disaster psychological crisis intervention in the public

 Promotion of psychological self-help and mutual aid post-disaster public mental crisis intervention

yesterday morning with Professor Wang Dawei and stress professors do in the post-disaster psychological intervention CCTV program, is provided by the Mental Health Center by the Chinese Center for Disease Control (Department of Mental Health Institute) organized the compilation of
life May 12, 2008 afternoon seemed so fragile, 14:28 pm, Wenchuan 7.8 earthquake, thousands of housing overturning blink of an eye, millions of lives are at stake! there is no more important than saving lives thing?! within two hours after the earthquake, which General Secretary Hu Jintao made important instructions to Premier Wen Jiabao to the earthquake relief headquarters commander quickly set up, Premier Wen Jiabao immediately rushed to the front line of disaster relief and disaster relief command has been in the field. All of the rescue, all Life revolves around the rescue! life, at that moment, and how precious! for this precious life, the Chinese people in the face of this sudden disaster, life for large glass slide, with unprecedented fortitude to swallow tears , hold back the grief, the face of death, do not give up!
2.
psychological relief in the action are the first world can be valuable, in addition to instant disaster caused by sudden heavy casualties and property losses, also on the huge impact people's minds. For those who not only need to experience large disaster relief life and body, but also psychological crisis intervention, helping people in disaster areas through the psychological trauma of this disaster as possible to the psychological impact on people reduce to a minimum, reduce the incidence of mental illness and the aftermath of the impact of psychosocial functioning. Therefore, the whole system of social assistance should also include some psychosocial interventions. seriously after the earthquake, not just the affected population, directing rescue personnel, search and rescue team, with the bodies, staff, untrained volunteers, news reporters, who survived and to help search and rescue personnel also need to give psychological support. high intensity and great pressure relief efforts may make people appear more restless , over-excitement, increased activity, and some people can not allow ourselves to rest, in the case of a very tired also insisted relief efforts, this performance is called the secondary fatigue syndrome. The great disaster, rescue poor conditions, take some time of hard work, therefore, promote the continuous fighting in the premise of fear of fatigue in a timely manner appropriate to turn short rest, to ensure that there is a clear mind and more stamina to complete the tasks assigned by the Party and the people. rescue personnel should encourage each other, support each other. rescue workers in the face of a large number of casualties, the directly felt the fragility of life, the need to give psychological support professionals, so that they vent to some extent, ease the psychological pressure will lead to more effective disaster relief work. to give psychological counseling and emotional catharsis will help them avoid a number of mental health problems. Remember the following words: After the disaster, look for help; the first body, after the psychological; more encouragement, easing the pressure.
3, the psychological impact of the earthquake on people What is the specificity?
the earthquake sudden, huge casualties, continuous aftershocks, earthquake damage to transportation, not only harm people's lives and property, but also make people suffer from psychological stress response, damage the security of people sense of serious and even cause acute psychological reactions.
earthquakes are large-scale natural disasters, force majeure events are Qunsiqunshang. the face of sudden disaster affected people, naturally produce helplessness, depression, sadness, numbness, anger, physical discomfort and stress response. In addition to stress, loss of sense of security can not be ignored. People do not know what time there will be aftershocks, afraid to go home to sleep, can only choose to stay outdoors. Meanwhile, the earthquake It was reported felt in most regions in China, which people outside the disaster areas has also brought a sense of uncertainty, people will feel safe usual life of the law was broken once, do not even know what time will be a disaster happen to your head. This uncertainty will affect people's perception of everyday objects and the judge. Some people will be anxious; insecurity, emotional disturbance; most people will be self-healing.
4, what will people in disaster areas kind of psychological reaction?
strong earthquakes and numerous aftershocks, the loss of familiar home, the remains of the victims, survivors crying for help, relocated to unfamiliar places, or communications, and traffic congestion, and the family lost contact , especially when difficult to wait for their loved ones have not yet rescued the anxiety and grief, plus the night is cold, life's not the law, can not live in the room, or other public places to be transported to the centralized resettlement, crowded and noisy, lack of sleep, a life without rules and nutrition, lack of water will make some people appear heart rate, blood pressure, stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, sleep difficulties and other physical reactions; the performance of complex and varied psychological reactions: some people become distracted , anxiety, easily angry, accusing the complaint, anger, and even act out of control; some people will feel isolated and helpless, distraught, depressed hopelessness; some people get distracted, to take care of themselves and their families well, not clear time and place; there will be some people lost their sense, act stupid; there are those who will remain after the disaster scene repeated recall the disaster, or even wake up sleeping will be a nightmare. Some people may also be heavy drinker, smoking increases or even take drugs to relieve pain. a major disaster affecting; committed confused, heart panic; easy to get angry, nightmares; heart worry, do not drink;
5, the most serious manifestations of acute psychological reactions what? < br> As individuals and aid others to escape during the process consumes a lot of physical strength, resulting in the collapse of the spirit: Some people will be out of thin air heard someone call his name, and do things their own words or commands, such as the clothes off, to something to give and so on; there are those who doubt the people around out of thin air is bad, to rob or murder their own, so very afraid of fear; Some people feel around became unclear, untrue, such as in a dream, walking to the dangerous place was not aware. hallucinations may also occur, lingering and lingering in my mind, I heard the news of the disaster that is related to grief or fearful. The acute stress response has generally 48-72 hours after the disaster gradually reduced, the majority were relieved in 30 days. But few people in the event of psychological reactions after a disaster will continue for months, years, and the performance of the repeated flash, or even to live in an environment in the original, did not want to communicate with others, such as the performance of over-vigilance. For those who have the above to strengthen the identification and intervention to reduce the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder.
serious who often is King; such as movies, often playback; timid, scared; ignore people, less talk.
6, try to do the following things to help themselves and people around pull through:
from the government, public security officers and other rescue personnel and informal channels to understand the latest developments and information assistance, to avoid rumors bring more psychologically disturbed, affecting ability to judge, cause secondary injury, the formation of collateral damage. such information had questioned the mind caused confusion to judge authenticity, but affect their health; selected shelter arrangements for rescue workers, although not very comfortable and do not blindly avoid houses in dangerous areas; trust the Government, do not listen to rumors, do not spread rumors, to avoid causing confusion; try to understand in such a predicament, everyone will have unpleasant, and only a little more understanding, more restraint, to the avoidance of conflict, to protect themselves and everyone's interests; as regular meals, adequate clean water to drink, do not usually pick their own food likes and dislikes; keep warm, especially at night; if you have chronic diseases, do not forget to take medicine on time; as attention to health, especially in the rainstorm, we must ensure that food, drinking water and clean hands. In Such natural disasters, with particular attention to prevention of the spread of disease and pestilence; in the possible and the family talk, let them know you are safe, and feel their concerns; in the concentration of the mass resettlement sites do not always sit lie down, stand on the same location, nearby activities for the body, more than 6 times a day insist on the best, do not worry about the activities people would laugh; manage their money and goods, to avoid collateral damage caused by loss of money and goods to feel even worse; try to like you around the refuge of people who smiled, and simple communication will make the environment around stability and prevent conflict; try on the same side of a warm people say yea or encourage him / her words; If you find yourself the feeling of some obviously abnormal, or unusual behavior that others, please contact as soon as possible to the medical station or seek the help of relevant personnel. do not believe rumors, do not leave a message; heart calm, less fear; environmental change, and more adaptation; neighborhood, multi- speak.
7, in the predicament, what should be avoided whenever possible?
Do not blame blame. Earthquakes are natural disasters, natural disasters, force majeure, not the responsibility of any person, no one is willing to suffer an earthquake. So even if there anxious mood, and do not blame each other in the family, but should be of mutual interest and mutual support. not outperform trail of rumors. may be a small number of people spread all kinds of gossip, can cause panic and even entice you deceived. Therefore, we should pay attention to the formal channels for information, do not listen, do not believe, do not gossip. In some difficult moment can not be solved or not to participate in mob riots. by means of violence can not achieve the purpose of solving problems, but increased problem-solving difficulties; to trust the government and the army and the majority of people outside the disaster area the heart of the disaster area, are doing everything possible to rescue, relief efforts for people in disaster areas. less complaining and mutual help; there are contradictions, and resolve it; drum courage, confidence; Ping Japan, go home early. rescue continues, there is a danger of life, we believe that under the leadership of the party and government, with the help of people across the country, China will be able to tide over the disaster and rebuild their homes!
psychological self-help and mutual aid Brochure II: relief of psychological stress response in children Prevention and treatment of
the earthquake occurred in the afternoon time, many schools suffered significant damage, many families lost their children. There are many children were injured in all affected areas are experiencing significant psychological trauma, please do pay attention to the children around, because they, like adults, are going through this unprecedented trauma.
1, why the affected children require special attention ?
earthquake causes people anxiety, anger and other stress responses. Children are more vulnerable than adults, in addition to the response to trauma, hunger, cold and so they are not familiar with the situation, the children will experience the same psychological trauma. So at this time need more attention to children's reactions, in a timely manner to protect children.
2, need to pay attention to what the child's reaction?
(1) emotional responses: fear, fear, and some will cry, are stressed, worried , confused, helpless expression; some children escape from the teacher's injuries because the students have self-blame; awareness increased, such as difficulty falling asleep, light sleep and more dreams easily awakened; headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, asthma, urticaria, etc., which may be intense anxiety on the body damage.
(2) behavioral responses: angry, aggressive behavior; too afraid to leave their parents or relatives, fear of being alone; some children who grow up and become smaller , and there enuresis, sucking fingers, clothing and other requirements of fed and help childish behavior; some children will be emotional irritability, lack of concentration, in contradiction with other people easily so.
3, which children are more vulnerable in disasters by the psychological damage?
bodily injury in the earthquake children; previously suffered a disaster or traumatic events children; girls; suffering from physical illness, children with disabilities, including mental retardation children; or previously have had emotional and behavioral problems children; have a family history of mental illness of children.
4, protection of children affected by the simple formulas: first, health care, save lives; Paul warmth, for food; sleep well, anti-loss; epidemic disease, Shouqin wash; to find toys, storytelling; MO panic, to explain; drum confidence, attention should be paid; guidance, watching TV. heart irritability, depressed mood; doctors, and health psychology.
5, how to ensure children's physical and environmental security, prevention of potentially dangerous ?
(1) give priority to ensuring children's physical safety, for the injured children immediate medical attention. (2) to give priority to children, provide clean drinking water, safe food and warm at night. (3) as far as possible away from the placement of children disaster site and the noisy confusion of places, to avoid the crowded children lost or can not sleep because of the environment. (4) To teach children to watch the news report, because the low-age children may be reproduced television screen shots are afraid and fear. Encourage your child to use whatever expression of the love of the disaster-stricken areas, do not encourage children to do things beyond the capacity.
6, How to improve children's basic psychological protection?
(1) promote the expression: to encourage children to speak and listen, allowing They cry, try not to nag their children, afraid even to tell the child concerned is normal, conditions permitting, to encourage children to play games, do not force children bravery or sedation. (2) do more to explain: Do not criticize those who appear naive children behavior of children, the temporary appearance of At the same time to give hope, commitment to children, earthquakes in the past, the Government will arrange for adults to help us, help us rebuild. (3) of this major disaster, many children are directly affected, to timely identify problems and to actively request psychiatric medical help, if necessary, treatment to avoid the problem continues.
7, how to avoid the stress response of adult children?
adults should try not to show in front of children over their fear, anxiety and other emotions and behavior, the timely processing of their stress and emotional adjustment. adults, emotional stability, strong faith and positive attitude will make children a sense of security. If the children are affected by psychological problems caused by the persistence of psychiatric hospitals should be timely to or psychological counseling for treatment. I believe in the party and the government's command and dispatch, in the National People's help, relief work is a race against time, racing against time to save lives. people-oriented, material and psychological assistance to both the disaster relief situation are also being formed. face This a big disaster, let us confront the same time, reach out and help our children through. surmount relief, strengthen confidence and rebuild their homes!
psychological self-help and mutual aid brochures III: earthquake relief mourning the interventional
The earthquake killed tens of thousands of living relatives are difficult to accept the facts and a major blow. lost their loved ones is a major loss of life, may lead to mood, thinking, behavior changes in areas such as , including functional aspects of interpersonal relationships and social change, sometimes persistent into chronic state, to individuals and their families immeasurable loss. early appropriate intervention can help those who sailed through grief and mourning process, a new life as early as possible . Bereavement intervention is the more targeted therapy technology, the system of intervention is best conducted under professional guidance.
one of mourning the purpose of intervention
to help them through the normal grief reaction; so that they can face the pain; to express the feelings of the deceased; find new life goals.
Second, the concept of pain
work involved here to a concept: The current crisis intervention theory based on the most important coconut .1942 Hall in Boston fire burned 492, Lindemann (1944) found that those who did not experience the painful work of mourning, they will be a serious mental pathology. pain include: regular grief reactions, such as grief for the loss of loved ones; from the tragic loss of their loved ones to experience pain; to accept the reality of the loss of loved ones; adapt to life without their loved ones there. to encourage people experiencing normal grief bereavement process can prevent the negative consequences caused by the crisis.
three psychological reaction after the loss of loved ones
1. shock stage: emotional numbness may occur, or even deny the fact that the loss of loved ones; 2. blame: Some people will blame, regret he did not rescue their loved ones, and some people angry relatives of the disaster caused the loss was very angry; 3. Depression of: Some people will appear depressed, do not want advice, particularly the loss of the child's parents do not want to see with their own children the same age children; some What people do not want to do, of what are not interested in night nightmares, insomnia, etc. .4. recovery: no longer having nightmares and began to adapt to new life.
Fourth, the principle of intervention in mourning
1. individual principle, for the and help; 3. therapists have their own sense of powerlessness, but do not make it affect the treatment of .4. learn to deal with those who point to his mourning the outbreak of the strong emotions and anger, to know who this is only the anger and even mourning is a disaster .5 hostile mood shift. to promote healthy ways of mourning are to solve the tragedy. evaded heavy drinker, violence and suicide vent .6 unhealthy behavior. at any time for mourning the expectations of those who see life, the pain will eventually decrease, life will be full of new meaning.
five intervention strategies mourning
(a) support and help: 1. more in the emotional shock and mourning the beginning of the period, the performance loss numbness, objectives and mourning those who should be on communication, providing psychological support; by volunteers or staff work as a consolation, the first person to get the trust of mourning, the establishment of good interpersonal relationships; 2. encouraged to express feelings of mourning, to give comfort, care, physical contact with the concrete help; 3. arrangements for relatives who temporarily take over the daily affairs of mourning.
encouraged to use words to express mourning those feelings and memories of the dead: 1. to help mourning those who recognized the face and accept the loss of the fact that this is the first successful intervention step; 2. evaluation of treatment without benefit of mourning those who listen to the ideas expressed; 3. to help mourning who found that the process of receiving and expressing grief in a variety of complex emotions; 4. to tell is to help those in pain Crying is a natural emotional expression, not weakness. must allow and encourage mourning were repeated cry, tell, recall, this expression limited to sex and age. with diaries and other methods is also conducive to emotional expression. < br> Note
mourning intervention using the standard greeting
2. use and similar to the tone of mourning, from the beginning to help those who pay attention and mourning those who should match the tone: If you listen to the voices of mourning it gentle and sad, you should speak softly; if the voices of anger and mourning loud, your voice should be its close, but the tone should be slightly lower; and then slowly transferred to the normal level of your tone; been slow to help those who will .3 slow pitch with you. to make use of those words of mourning, and their language to talk. For example: bereavement by: you? allowed to talk those slips of the tongue or a misnomer; allowed to pause and silence; set aside their own needs and views. not competent listener will have the following expression: to interrupt the conversation; free to convert the theme; preaching; rush to conclusions; evade the issue such as .5. to avoid giving advice: to provide direct advice to the bereavement is a very dangerous thing, to avoid doing so; communication goal is to help rebuild their lives mourning have found the resources allowed to make their own decisions; if the proposal to help those who invalid, you will be responsible for this failure; if the proposal to help those who effectively and successfully to help those who may belong to; whether successful or not, the key issue is mourning those who did not really learn to independently solve problems, to help those who are too active for the bereavement those who make decisions against bereavement recovery of the ability to solve problems independently .6. to avoid intervention by the judge of mourning. For example: you do that? discomfort.
support those who deal with grief and mourning reactions: 1. to understand the personality of mourning for those who understand the unique response is essential; 2. inform the person despite the pain of mourning, but also have to face and through bereavement process, to avoid and try to bypass this stage is unrealistic; 3. told in the end of mourning by the stress response is how, help to understand their grief and mourning process can reduce the fear of fear so mad, but also help them understand the problems to be faced; 4. to help those mourning the loss of adaptation and gradually join the new life. In short, to help people not only to be maintain an appropriate psychological distance, not to despair or mourning those who have too much; to encourage the bereaved to face difficulties and problems, to avoid unrealistic to ask each other sense, early intervention, intervention in the earthquake mourning is normal for bereaved suddenly being hit accidentally. First of all to help the mourning to adapt to cope with traumatic events, to help control the emotions of mourning those who appreciate their ability, not in terms of emotional venting of too much time. to provide relaxation, enabling environment for rehabilitation of mourning, to improve their quality of life, psychiatric symptoms apparent only when the meaning should be implemented psychiatric intervention. should also respect the need for mourning those who need help , and the relationships shown in the temporary withdrawal behavior. against sudden loss of loved ones is huge, but human beings have been honed to grow. We just lost their loved ones who insist on giving encouragement and constructive help, at any time sowing the seeds of hope , life will start again!
Above Mental Health Center by the Chinese Center for Disease Control (Institute of Mental Health, Peking University) organized the compilation.